This is a large HO scale brass loco; a 4-8-4 with a humongous tender. The objective is full S-CAB installation; both radio control and battery power. It's obvious, everything will fit into the tender, but the loco is an oil burner and the tender is all brass. Since there is no radio reception inside a closed brass box (the tender), the antenna must be mounted externally, but there's no coal load, which is my favorite antenna hiding place. Other concerns are the model's age and its solder joints, which have weakened over time, and avoiding damage to paint-work, which was/is still in pretty good condition.

Since loco owner Bill had already decided to replace loco motor and gearbox drive shaft, we agreed to split the project; he would work on engine renovation and I would install electronics and battery in the tender. We just needed to agree on wire connections between tender and engine, and this, I have described in a previous blog. What follows here is the rest of the tender installation, as illustrated in the following photograph.

All electronic components are mounted on a piece of electronic prototyping board and the whole assembly fits flush against the top of the tender. The radio receiver and BPS circuit board are out of sight behind the mounting board and the decoder is visible to the left side in this view. The tender is wide enough to accommodate 1000 mAh LiPo cells and deep enough to use a triple-pack (3 cells in parallel) giving 3 AH (amp-hours) storage capacity. Connections to the loco and speaker were temporarily insulated with green electrical tape while photographing.

I considered two possibilities for the antenna; a length wire (approx. 3") disguised as a handrail, or a very small antenna from Linx Technologies (https://www.linxtechnologies.com/resources/data-guides/ant-916-jjb-xx.pdf)

One version of Murphy's Law says "if its not tested, it won't work" and its a lot easier to test and fix problems on the workbench. Since I had not previously used the JJB antenna, I was concerned about its performance and tested its range using an S-CAB throttle. Results were excellent. However, the critical test was performance with components in the tender and for this test I did a trail installation. Results were good.

With Bill installing a new motor, I don't know its power consumption, but I'm quite confident 3 amp-hours battery storage will keep the loco running long enough to test the stamina of the most enthusiastic operators. The battery fits neatly in the available space and is easily removed.

The antenna sits flush on top of the tender, held in place by the soldered connection to the radio receiver. Since brass is non-magnetic, it does not interfere with operation of the BPS magnet sensor positioned against the tender's top where it's conveniently operated with a magnetic wand used to turn on battery power. The component mounting board is fixed in place by a couple of dabs of hot glue; just enough to prevent movement. The battery is wrapped in foam plastic to prevent it rattling around once the tender body is mounted on the chassis.

The installation is wired to charge the battery from track power, if available. As is common practice with brass locos, right rail pickup is from the loco and un-insulated tender wheels provide the left rail connection. The battery power supply turns on automatically when track power is detected. When no track power is present, a magnetic wand waved slowly across the tender top above the Santa Fe name turns on battery power. The Tsunami T-1000 decoder, function F5, is used to turn off the battery at the end of an operating session. Decoder address is "5".

Herb Kephart was an early adopter of "Stanton stuff". His experience with S-CAB evolved along with my efforts to productize what began as systems for my own use. Products got their names as user oriented documentation was prepared and Herb's terminology carries over from his prior experience with radio control; "RC" as used for model cars and planes. "RX" is a radio transmitter; "TX" is a radio receiver. Basically, S-CAB is a hand-held TX communicating with an RX in a loco. What makes S-CAB different from RC is the RX in the loco delivers commands to a standard, commercially available DCC decoder, which controls loco motor, lights and sounds.

What follows is Herb's experience in his own words and photos.

My interests in modeling for years has been trolleys and interurbans in O scale, so all the layouts that I built have been with both rails grounded, and overhead wire. Some 30 years ago I thought that it might be a good experiment to try putting an aircraft RX that I had into some sort of a switching loco, with batteries for power since collecting power from the rails would require totally impractical rework of track, especially switches, which had the rail soldered to brass ties.

With respect to radio, I had envisioned the RX feeding a servo which worked some sort of a transistor throttle. However, it quickly became evident that the size of NiCad batteries at the time made the whole package too large for any 0-4-0 or small diesel; so the project was shelved.

Some time went by, and I saw a system advertised for model railroad use, so I bought a package of one TX and 4RX's. The RX's were small enough that now it seemed possible with NiMh batteries this time. An assembly was lashed up as a test using a gondola car, with wires going to the loco. This was perfectly feasible and worked fine with one notable defect -- control was by pushing buttons for faster or slower. I found this to be incredibly clumsy (for me) -- coming up to a car to couple, so that the couplers just kissed was near impossible. The system went back in the box, where it remains.

Later, I discovered FreeRails, where one Woodie Greene was promoting RC with LiPo batteries, which are much smaller for a given amount of electrical capacity. Woodie was also using RX's from small RC autos and he proved that it was possible to hide the RX board and a small, but sufficient, battery in a reasonably compact space. This had my interest. I bought a 3 cell pack, and a RX board, and put them into an 0-4-0.

It did not work. Back and forth with Woodie who was very helpful, but no success. Finally, 3 RX boards later I figured that the 3-cell voltage was too much, and was instantly frying the boards as soon as the system was turned on. I called technical help at the company that sold the boards, and the 12 year old on the other end of the line had no idea what was the maximum safe voltage for the board. Big help. I tried cutting the 3 cell pack down to only 2 cells, managed to stick a #11 Exacto blade into one cell, which caused it to have a hissy fit; definitely NOT recommended. 

With a new 2-cell pack, I was up and running and this system worked, with one exception. I have a scratch built brass truss bridge, which I discovered was very effective as a Faraday cage—and unless I held the TX very close to the bridge, no signal got through to the loco. Also, there was an annoying buzz from the motor, caused by the low PWM frequency. I tried to get rid of this with various capacitors across the brushes of the motor, to no avail.

Just at the right time, along comes Neil with a pre-production offer of a TX (a wireless throttle) and compatible RX (a radio receiver combined with a commercially available decoder) for an attractive price. I sent money off to Neil and got back what now is the S-Cab system, although I don't think the setup had that name at the time of my purchase. I installed the gear in the 0-4-0 and encountered some low speed control problems. I don't specifically remember what the loco was or wasn't doing, but things weren't right. Several Emails went back and forth with Neil. Then, he phoned and asked me to do a number of tests with the radio/decoder setup trying to get rid of the problem which just wouldn't go away. 

After about 3/4 of an hour, he was running out of ideas. Suddenly, I remembered the capacitor that was connected across the motor brushes, and Neil's immediate response was "BINGO, remove the capacitor". The problem was my fault, and there was nothing wrong with the radio gear. After the call, I thought that anyone who would go to that much time and trouble to try to help out a customer was an alright guy in my book.

With the capacitor removed, the loco ran with no motor buzz and no loss of radio contact on the bridge. This loco continues to perform to my perfect satisfaction.

Since I already had a 2-cell LiPo in the 0-4-0 loco, that installation used only S-CAB radio control. However, Neil had been developing a loco power supply which used a single cell LiPo to produce 12 volts (which became the BPS). At the same time I was building another switcher, this time an Ingersol-Rand Oil Electric, the first diesel loco to have a control circuit that didn't force the engineer to vary both throttle and generator simultaneously when starting a load.  

I got a BPS and another S-Cab radio/decoder and installed it in this model. All eight wheels of the model are geared to the motor, a Maxon, about an inch in diameter. I never measured the amperage of this motor with all wheels slipping. I should -- but this whole setup has continued to meet all expectations. I admit that I was little dubious about runtime with all the power coming from a single cell, but I have never ran it long enough to have low voltage protection shut down the battery. The loco, being a switcher, never moves more than about six cars, although an informal drawbar test suggests it would pull at least 30 cars -- if I had that many! It goes through an hour and a half operating session on a single battery charge and with no power from the track.

Neil sent me the second iteration of the BPS, which will recharge from the rails and asked me to try it on powered track. He wanted me to wire the BPS so the loco could run on track power and only use the battery as a backup power supply. He figured if enough track is powered, the battery can be much smaller. Not having two rail power anywhere on the O scale line (and if I did, some of the cars do not have insulated wheel sets) I looked around for an application. I have been amassing a lot of On30 Bachmann, and also have a brass Plymouth 4 wheel critter, which I selected for the test.

With much cussing, I managed to get everything crammed inside, and an oval of HO track was put together. As I recall, the results surprised Neil. Even with the small battery, run time (loco alone) without rail power was 80 minutes. As I expected, this little critter operates flawlessly, and though I have no layout to run it on, it gets some exercise periodically on it's loop — I'll have to put a coupler on in someday so it can pull some Bachmann rolling stock.

I have inadvertently left the battery on and drained the battery. To remind my self not to do this, I wire the headlights to the main battery switch, Before leaving the layout, a look around tells me everything is off. I'm not keen on the battery-off push-button. So, when the critter gets pulled apart for a paint job, I'm going to substitute a small on/off switch, to break the battery circuit, which is the way I have the other locos wired. I don't use the magnetic sensor, because waving a wand over an engine that is sitting under a bunch of overhead wires (for the passenger equipment's  pantographs) sounds like asking for trouble.

All in all, I'm a VERY satisfied S-CAB user.